Refactor how we use StyleGuides for better error recovery

In bug 74 we discovered that there are some less than ideal problems
around our use of multiprocessing. This is a first attempt at fixing
74 by using a fake StyleGuide object which proxies to the real one,
and will catch and handle exceptions and then posibly retry the
operation we were trying to perform in the first place.

Currently we're only implementing that logic for StyleGuide.check_files
but we should be careful to implement this in other functions used in
hooks and elsewhere.

Note: there may be a simpler way to fix this with a context manager
that will do the right thing. That may also prove simpler to implement
but that will have a much larger impact on the code-base than this.

Related to bug #74