application: Change to `argparse.ArgumentParser` for preliminary parsing

Now that preliminary options are registered with the preliminary parser
on the `Application`, leverage that for parsing known options.

This important change removes the `Application.option_manager` from
being responsible for pre-configuration parsing and the workarounds
needed in the `Application.parse_preliminary_options_and_args()` to
account for the fact that `Application.option_manager` was aware of
*all* options, not just the options necessary for pre-configuration
loading.  A following commit will address removing these workarounds.