util(threading): create an atomic cached property

This change implements a new decorator ``@atomic_cached_property` that
extends `@functools.cached_property` to allow for a thread-safe atomic
cached property. This also allows cached properties to function
consistently across Python versions as the undocumented thread safety
lock implemented in the stdlib prior to 3.12 was erroneous and has been
removed since 3.12.

Reference: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.cached_property